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Basilius Besler (1561–1629) was a respected Nuremberg apothecary and botanist, best known for his monumental florilegium, the Hortus Eystettensis (lit . The Garden at Eichstätt), 1613.
Besler established a pharmacy, Zum Marienbild, at Nuremberg's Hay Market in 1589, and developed his own botanical garden and collection of specimens, for which he became well known.
He was curator of the garden (Eichstätt Garden) of Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (1561–1612), Prince-bishop of Eichstätt in Bavaria. The bishop was an enthusiastic botanist who derived great pleasure from his garden, which rivaled Hortus Botanicus Leiden among early European Botanical garden outside Italy.
The gardens surrounded the bishop's palace, Willibaldsburg, which was built on a hill overlooking the town. These gardens had been started in 1596 and designed by Besler's colleague, Joachim Camerarius the Younger (1534–1598), a physician and botanist. Upon Camerarius' death in 1598, Besler had the remainder of Camerarius' plants moved to Eichstätt and carried on the work of planting and supervision.
The gardens were ransacked by invading Swedish troops under Herzog Bernhard von Weimar in 1633-4, but were reconstructed and opened to the public of Eichstätt in 1998.
Besler died in Nuremberg on 13 March 1629.
Besler did not consider himself a scientist, but rather relied on the extant literature of his time including Camerarius, Carolus Clusius, Leonhart Fuchs, Tabernaemontanus and Lobelius, but his work predated the introduction of many overseas plants to Germany. He indexed the collection with both the Latin and old German names. At publication it represented the largest and most magnificent example of its type.
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